package edu.pdx.cs410J.grader;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import edu.pdx.cs410J.grader.gradebook.Student;
import edu.pdx.cs410J.grader.gradebook.XmlDumper;
import edu.pdx.cs410J.grader.gradebook.XmlHelper;
import jakarta.activation.DataHandler;
import jakarta.activation.DataSource;
import jakarta.mail.*;
import jakarta.mail.internet.*;
import jakarta.mail.util.ByteArrayDataSource;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;

import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

/**
 * This program presents a survey that all students in CS410J should
 * answer.  It emails the results of the survey to the TA and emails a
 * receipt back to the student.
 */
public class Survey extends EmailSender {
  @VisibleForTesting
  static final String STUDENT_XML_FILE_NAME = "me.xml";

  private final PrintWriter out;
  private final PrintWriter err;
  private final BufferedReader in;

  private boolean sendEmail = true;
  private final File xmlFileDir;

  public Survey(PrintStream out, PrintStream err, InputStream in, File xmlFileDir) {
    this.out = new PrintWriter(out, true);
    this.err = new PrintWriter(err, true);
    this.in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
    this.xmlFileDir = xmlFileDir;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a textual summary of a <code>Student</code>
   */
  private String getSummary(Student student) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("Name: ").append(student.getFullName()).append("\n");
    sb.append("UNIX login: ").append(student.getId()).append("\n");
    if (student.getEmail() != null) {
      sb.append("Email: ").append(student.getEmail()).append("\n");
    }
    if (student.getMajor() != null) {
      sb.append("Major: ").append(student.getMajor()).append("\n");
    }
    sb.append("Enrolled in: ").append(student.getEnrolledSection().asString()).append("\n");
    return sb.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Ask the student a question and return his response
   */
  private String ask(String question) {
    out.print(breakUpInto80CharacterLines(question));
    out.print(" ");
    out.flush();

    String response = null;
    try {
      response = in.readLine();

    } catch (IOException ex) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** IOException while reading response", ex);
    }

    return response;
  }

  /**
   * Prints out usage information for this program
   */
  private void usage() {
    err.println("\nusage: java Survey [options]");
    err.println("  where [options] are:");
    err.println("  -mailServer serverName    Mail server to send mail");
    err.println("  -saveStudentXmlFile       Save a copy of the generated student.xml file");
    err.println("\n");
    System.exit(1);
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Survey survey = new Survey(System.out, System.err, System.in, new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")));
    survey.takeSurvey(args);
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  void takeSurvey(String... args) {
    parseCommandLine(args);

    printIntroduction();

    Student student = gatherStudentInformation();

    String learn = ask("What do you hope to learn in CS410J?");
    String comments = ask("What else would you like to tell me?");

    addNotesToStudent(student, learn, comments);

    writeStudentXmlToFile(getXmlBytes(student));

    emailSurveyResults(student, learn, comments);

  }

  private void addNotesToStudent(Student student, String learn, String comments) {
    if (isNotEmpty(learn)) {
      student.addNote(student.getFullName() + " would like to learn " + learn);
    }

    if (isNotEmpty(comments)) {
      student.addNote(student.getFullName() + " has these comments: " + comments);
    }
  }

  private Student gatherStudentInformation() {
    String firstName = ask("What is your first name?");
    String lastName = ask("What is your last name?");
    String nickName = ask("What is your nickname? (Leave blank if " +
                          "you don't have one)");
    String id = ask("MANDATORY: What is your MCECS UNIX login id?");

    if (isEmpty(id)) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** You must enter a valid MCECS UNIX login id");

    } else if (isEmailAddress(id)) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Your student id cannot be an email address");

    } else if (!isJavaIdentifier(id)) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Your student id must be a valid Java identifier");
    }

    Student student = new Student(id);
    setValueIfNotEmpty(firstName, student::setFirstName);
    setValueIfNotEmpty(lastName, student::setLastName);
    setValueIfNotEmpty(nickName, student::setNickName);

    askQuestionAndSetValue("What is your email address (doesn't have to be PSU)?", student::setEmail);
    askQuestionAndSetValue("What is your major?", student::setMajor);

    askEnrolledSectionQuestion(student);

    return student;
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  static boolean isEmailAddress(String id) {
    try {
      new InternetAddress(id, true /* strict */);
      return true;

    } catch (AddressException e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  static boolean isJavaIdentifier(String id) {
    if (id == null || id.equals("")) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(id.charAt(0))) {
      return false;
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < id.length(); i++) {
      char c = id.charAt(i);
      if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c)) {
        return false;
      }
    }

    return true;
  }

  private void askEnrolledSectionQuestion(Student student) {
    String answer = ask("MANDATORY: Are you enrolled in the undergraduate or graduate section of this course? [u/g]");
    if (isEmpty(answer)) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("Missing enrolled section. Please enter a \"u\" or \"g\"");
    }

    if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("u")) {
      student.setEnrolledSection(Student.Section.UNDERGRADUATE);

    } else if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("g")) {
      student.setEnrolledSection(Student.Section.GRADUATE);

    } else {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("Unknown section \"" + answer + "\".  Please enter a \"u\" or \"g\"");
    }

  }

  private void askQuestionAndSetValue(String question, Consumer<String> setter) {
    String answer = ask(question);
    setValueIfNotEmpty(answer, setter);
  }

  static void setValueIfNotEmpty(String string, Consumer<String> setter) {
    if (isNotEmpty(string)) {
      setter.accept(string);
    }
  }

  private void emailSurveyResults(Student student, String learn, String comments) {
    String summary = verifyInformation(student);

    if (sendEmail) {
      // Email the results of the survey to the TA and CC the student
      out.println("Emailing your information to the Grader");

      MimeMessage message = createEmailMessage(student);
      MimeBodyPart textPart = createEmailText(learn, comments, summary);
      MimeBodyPart xmlFilePart = createXmlAttachment(student);
      addAttachmentsAndSendEmail(message, textPart, xmlFilePart);
    }
  }

  private void addAttachmentsAndSendEmail(MimeMessage message, MimeBodyPart textPart, MimeBodyPart filePart) {
    // Finally, add the attachments to the message and send it
    try {
      Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
      mp.addBodyPart(textPart);
      mp.addBodyPart(filePart);

      message.setContent(mp);

      Transport.send(message);

      logSentEmail(message);

    } catch (MessagingException ex) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Exception while adding parts and sending", ex);
    }
  }

  private void logSentEmail(MimeMessage message) throws MessagingException {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("\nAn email with with subject \"");
    sb.append(message.getSubject());
    sb.append("\" was sent to ");

    Address[] recipients = message.getAllRecipients();
    for (int i = 0; i < recipients.length; i++) {
      Address recipient = recipients[i];
      sb.append(recipient);
      if (i < recipients.length - 2) {
        sb.append(", ");

      } else if (i < recipients.length - 1) {
        sb.append(" and ");
      }
    }

    out.println(breakUpInto80CharacterLines(sb.toString()));
  }

  private MimeBodyPart createXmlAttachment(Student student) {
    byte[] xmlBytes = getXmlBytes(student);

    DataSource ds = new ByteArrayDataSource(xmlBytes, "text/xml");
    DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(ds);
    MimeBodyPart filePart = new MimeBodyPart();
    try {
      String xmlFileTitle = student.getId() + ".xml";

      filePart.setDataHandler(dh);
      filePart.setFileName(xmlFileTitle);
      filePart.setDescription("XML file for " + student.getFullName());

    } catch (MessagingException ex) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Exception with file part", ex);
    }
    return filePart;
  }

  private void writeStudentXmlToFile(byte[] xmlBytes) {
    File file = new File(this.xmlFileDir, STUDENT_XML_FILE_NAME);
    try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
      fos.write(xmlBytes);
      fos.flush();

    } catch (IOException e) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("Could not write student XML file: " + file, e);
    }

    out.println("\nSaved student XML file to " + file + "\n");
  }

  private MimeBodyPart createEmailText(String learn, String comments, String summary) {
    // Create the text portion of the message
    StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
    text.append("Results of CS410J Survey:\n\n");
    text.append(summary);
    text.append("\n\nWhat do you hope to learn in CS410J?\n\n");
    text.append(learn);
    text.append("\n\nIs there anything else you'd like to tell me?\n\n");
    text.append(comments);
    text.append("\n\nThanks for filling out this survey!\n\nDave");

    MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
    try {
      textPart.setContent(text.toString(), "text/plain");

      // Try not to display text as separate attachment
      textPart.setDisposition("inline");

    } catch (MessagingException ex) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Exception with text part", ex);
    }
    return textPart;
  }

  private MimeMessage createEmailMessage(Student student) {
    MimeMessage message = null;
    try {
      InternetAddress studentEmail = newInternetAddress(student.getEmail(), student.getFullName());
      String subject = "CS410J Survey for " + student.getFullName();
      message = newEmailTo(newEmailSession(false), TA_EMAIL).from(studentEmail).withSubject(subject).createMessage();

      InternetAddress[] cc = { studentEmail };
      message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, cc);

    } catch (AddressException ex) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Exception with email address", ex);

    } catch (MessagingException ex) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Exception while setting recipients email", ex);
    }
    return message;
  }

  private byte[] getXmlBytes(Student student) {
    // Create a temporary "file" to hold the Student's XML file.  We
    // use a byte array so that potentially sensitive data (SSN, etc.)
    // is not written to disk
    byte[] bytes = null;

    Document xmlDoc = XmlDumper.toXml(student);


    try {
      bytes = XmlHelper.getBytesForXmlDocument(xmlDoc);

    } catch (TransformerException ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace(System.err);
      System.exit(1);
    }
    return bytes;
  }

  private String verifyInformation(Student student) {
    String summary = getSummary(student);

    out.println("\nYou entered the following information about " +
                "yourself:\n");
    out.println(summary);

    String verify = ask("\nIs this information correct (y/n)?");
    if (!verify.equals("y")) {
      printErrorMessageAndExit("** Not sending information.  Exiting.");
    }
    return summary;
  }

  private void printErrorMessageAndExit(String message) {
    printErrorMessageAndExit(message, null);
  }

  private void printErrorMessageAndExit(String message, Throwable ex) {
    err.println(message);
    if (ex != null) {
      ex.printStackTrace(err);
    }
    System.exit(1);
  }

  private static boolean isNotEmpty(String string) {
    return string != null && !string.equals("");
  }

  private boolean isEmpty(String string) {
    return string == null || string.equals("");
  }

  private void printIntroduction() {
    // Ask the student a bunch of questions
    String welcome =
      "Welcome to the CS410J Survey Program.  I'd like to ask you a couple of " +
      "questions about yourself.  Except for your UNIX login id and the section " +
      "that you are enrolled in, no question " +
      "is mandatory.  Your answers will be emailed to the Grader and a receipt " +
      "will be emailed to you.";

    out.println("");
    out.println(breakUpInto80CharacterLines(welcome));
    out.println("");
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  static String breakUpInto80CharacterLines(String message) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    int currentLineLength = 0;
    String[] words = message.split(" ");
    for (String word : words) {
      if (currentLineLength + word.length() > 80) {
        sb.append('\n');
        sb.append(word);
        currentLineLength = word.length();

      } else {
        if (currentLineLength > 0) {
          sb.append(' ');
        }
        sb.append(word);
        currentLineLength += word.length() + 1;
      }

    }
    return sb.toString();
  }

  private void parseCommandLine(String[] args) {
    // Parse the command line
    for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
      String arg = args[i];
      if (arg.equals("-mailServer")) {
        if (++i >= args.length) {
          err.println("** Missing mail server name");
          usage();
        }

        serverName = arg;

      } else if (arg.equals("-noEmail")) {
        sendEmail = false;

      } else if (arg.startsWith("-")) {
        err.println("** Unknown command line option: " + arg);
        usage();

      } else {
        err.println("** Spurious command line: " + arg);
        usage();
      }
    }
  }

}